A white
feather
We have
many birds, large and small, flying over our garden, or settling onto branches
to pick off insects or developing fruit. Sometimes we find a broken eggshell on
the ground, but we have rarely seen a dead bird, apart from a starling that had
been caught by a sparrowhawk and another starling that had flown into the patio
doors and killed itself.Similarly,
we do not often see feathers, and those we have found have come from wood pigeons
or magpies. I found the feather above on the path this week. It’s small, only 5 cms (just under 2")
Image courtesy Wikimedia CommonsI was
interested in looking at the intricate structure of the feather. I knew of the
quill, of course, but didn’t know the names of any of the other parts. I don’t
think the quill of this feather could be used for writing by anyone other than
a fairy.
During
the First World War (1914-1918) men in Britain who had not enlisted were
given a white feather to imply cowardice. This was in an attempt to make them
sign up through shame rather than patriotism. Shockingly, from the perspective
of the 21st century, the suffragette movement promoted the white feather
movement.
Serving soldiers
sometimes found themselves being presented with a white feather when they were
home on leave. Other men, who had volunteered but been rejected on grounds of ill-health
or disability, were similarly discriminated against.
A white
feather to denote lack of bravery originated in the late 1700s, though in that
case it was more to indicate a lack of proper breeding,
From
Wikipedia:
The OED cites A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar
Tongue (1785), in which lexicographer Francis Grose wrote
"White feather, he has a white feather, he is a coward, an allusion to a
game cock, where having a white feather, is a proof he is not of the true game
breed". This was in the context of cockfighting,
a common entertainment in Georgian England.
The white
feather was used again in the Second World War (1939-1945) for the same
purpose.
However,
the white feather has also been used to symbolise excellence, and is used in the
United States armed forces to recognise extreme bravery.
It is
also worn as a mark of resistance without violence. In the late nineteenth century,
it was used by the Maori spiritual leader, Te Whiti o Rongomai III (c1832-1907)
There is
an unverified story from 1775 that a tribe of warring Indians confronted a group
of Quakers, in a New York Friends’ meeting house. The Quakers did not attempt
to run away, but sat quietly. When the Indian chief entered the meeting and
discovered that the Quakers had no weapons, he claimed them as friends. As he
left, he took a white feather from an arrow in his quiver and put it on the
door as a sign that the building and its occupants were not to be harmed.