The Snail by William Cowper (1731-1800)
To grass, or leaf, or fruit, or wall,
The snail sticks close, nor fears to fall,
As if he grew there, house and all
Together.
Within that house secure he hides,
When danger imminent betides
Of storm, or other harm besides
Of weather.
Give but his horns the slightest touch,
His self-collecting power is such,
He shrinks into his house, with much
Displeasure.
Where’er he dwells, he dwells alone,
Except himself has chattels none,
Well satisfied to be his own
Whole treasure.
Thus, hermit-like, his life he leads,
Nor partner of his banquet needs,
And if he meets one, only feeds
The faster.
Who seeks him must be worse than blind,
(He and his house are so combined,)
If, finding it, he fails to find
Its master.
Do snails have feelings?
In his poem, written in the 18th century, William
Cowper suggests that the snail senses danger.
Scientific experiments have shown that snails react
to rudimentary feelings like pain and pleasure. They have no central nervous
system but rely on nerve cells called ganglia to process experiences. The reactions are simply a means of survival.
When injured or exposed to harmful substances
like salt, or slug pellets, they withdraw into their shells and produce foam. This
is an involuntary reaction. The foam is a response to unpleasant or harmful chemicals, and a way of swilling nasty poisons out of their systems. They also foam if small insects like ants try to
get into their shells, trapping or deterring the invaders. Snails have also been observed to show fear if predators are near. Under
threat, their breathing and movement slows.
By contrast, they can show behaviour that suggests
pleasure. People who keep snails as pets report that their animals seem to be
contented when moving across a wet surface or being sprayed with a fine mist of
water at room temperature.
Snails show interest tantamount
to excitement when they are offered fresh food, particularly cucumber, which is
a favourite treat, though nutritionally empty. They raise their bodies and fully
extend their ommatophores (eye-stalks!)
Although they are considered
to be solitary creatures, some owners have seen their snails huddle together to
feed or sleep. They suggest that snails show signs of distress when one of their
fellows dies, or if they are kept in isolation.
It appears that snails can
recognise their keepers and be content in their company.
In the wild, snails huddle
together to conserve moisture and prevent their skins drying out. In winter
they seal their shells to keep out predators, and freezing air, and to prevent
dehydration.
Snails hibernate, but slugs do not.
I didn’t think there would
be a collective noun for snails, but I found several. The most common is the
elegant ‘escargatoire,’ for, naturellement, the French would have a suitable
name. There used to be a café in Cherbourg called Madame l’Escargot which served
delicious escargots, a succulent treat, so I'm told, after sailing across the English Channel (or, if you’re
French, La Manche.)
Another collective noun for snails is a ‘walk’,
which is rather appealing, while a third is a ‘rout. A rout is a chaotic
progression, or, in military terms, a disorderly retreat after a defeat.
Each of those nouns is
rather attractive. I would have expected more apt terms, like slime, or, more poetically,
silver, or perhaps spiral. What would you suggest?