The New Forest

 

The New Forest

                                        Dominie in the New Forest, many years ago

 This ancient forest covers 140,000 acres of pasture, heath and forest in south-west Hampshire and south-east Wiltshire in the south of England. William the Conqueror decreed it a royal forest in 1079 for the purpose of hunting ‘the beasts of the chase’  - that is, the two native deer, the red and the roe, wild boar, and the fallow deer which were introduced by the Normans after 1066.

The New Forest was recorded in the Domesday Book, which was a survey and valuation of land and property in England. It was commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1085 and completed in 1086. The Domesday Book is actually two works – the Great Domesday, which was probably written on parchment by just one person and the Little Domesday, which had at least six people working on it.

                                                        New Forest ponies

It is home to the New Forest Commoners, who continue to exercise their ancient rights of common pasture. Anyone living in the forest has the right to turn their animals out to graze for pasture and is thus known as a Commoner. Their rights are protected by verderers and agisters. The Court of Verderers are unpaid officials who oversee commoner rights, such as the grazing of ponies, and ensure the protection of land and wildlife.

From Wikipedia:

The Court has the same status as a Magistrates Court, and acting under its authority the Verderers are responsible for regulating commoning within the Forest, for dealing with unlawful inclosures, and for a wide range of other matters relating to development control and conservation such as proposals for new roads, car parks, camping sites, recreational facilities, playing fields and so on.

The agisters are a small group of people who help the verderers in monitoring the free-roaming animals which graze the Forest. They spend much of their time on horseback, checking the land and the animals. There are several thousand semi-feral ponies as well as many thousand cattle to oversee. Sheep and donkeys are also turned out to graze, though in lesser numbers. In the autumn, pigs are turned out for about 60 days to feed on acorns, beechmast and other nuts. This practice is known as pannage.

 Ponies have right of way 

Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

                                                            Homeward bound

                                            Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Pony power versus horse power at Beaulieu garage

Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

 Each agister has responsibility for a specific area of the Forest and is on call every day to deal with emergencies, like injured or trapped animals. Every year between August and November the agisters organise ‘pony drifts’. The Commoners, who pay an annual fee, called the ‘marking fee’ so that their ponies are allowed to graze, round up their ponies to be checked and recorded.

The drift provides an opportunity to worm the ponies and brand the new foals, each owner having a distinctive brand. This is the time that ponies may be withdrawn for sale or taken in for the winter. The ponies that are to be turned out for another year have their tails clipped in a style that identifies them as belonging to a particular agister’s area of the forest. 

                                                            Pony tail cuts

Courtesy of New Forest Show, 2012

Someone once remarked that the ponies’ tails look as though they’ve had a bad haircut, but they are clipped to prove that their owners have paid the marking fee for the coming year.

Because the animals are free to roam, they often wander onto unfenced roads. There is a speed limit through the unfenced areas but accidents happen, because drivers do not adhere to the speed limit. Last year, 2022, 41 animals died, either killed outright, or destroyed because they were too badly injured to survive. The unfortunate animals were 34 ponies, 3 pigs, 2 cows and 2 donkeys. Nineteen more were injured but lived to tell the tale.

Hampshire Hogs

 

Hampshire Hogs

Collier's 1921 drawing of a Hampshire Hog

Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

People born and bred in Hampshire, UK, have been referred to as Hampshire Hogs since the late 18^th century. For hundreds of years, wild boar roamed the acres of forest that crossed the county and were the focus of royal hunting parties in the New Forest.

Eventually, some of the boar were domesticated and became recognised as the Hampshire Hog and the Wessex Saddleback. Both breeds were black with a white band round their shoulders and forequarters. The only difference was in the ears – the Hampshire’s ears were erect and the Wessex breed had floppy ears. The Wessex saddleback was bred with the Essex saddleback, which differed from the Wessex only in having white hind feet and tail tip, to form the British saddleback. The Wessex is extinct as a separate breed in UK but survives as a rare breed in Australia and New Zealand.

Hampshire hogs were exported to the USA in the early 1800s and now constitute the fourth most recorded pig breed in that vast country. Some sources suggest it may be the oldest American breed.

                        Hampshire Hog outside Hampshire C.C. offices in Winchester

                                            Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Hampshire County Council commissioned a bronze statue of a Hampshire hog to mark its centenary in 1989. It is situated outside its offices in Winchester. A wild boar is the emblem of the Ringwood Brewery, a small brewery producing cask ales and some bottled beers. 

Wild boar outside the Ringwood Brewery in the New Forest

                                    Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons