ABC Wednesday G is for General Gordon

Gordon of Khartoum

Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Major-General Charles George Gordon CB was born on 28^th January, 1833, the son of a 

senior army officer. He was commissioned into the Royal Engineers in 1852.

He fought with distinction in the Crimean War (1853 – 1856) but is mainly remembered for his campaigns in China and northern Africa. In 1860 he volunteered to serve in China and fought in the Second Opium War (also known as the Arrow War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War or the Anglo-French expedition to China) and the Taiping Rebellion.

 In May 1862 the Royal Engineers were tasked to reinforce the European trading centre of Shanghai, which was under threat from the agitators of the Taiping Rebellion. A year later he took command of 3,500 peasants in an army raised to defend the city. In the next eighteen months Gordon's troops played a major role in subduing the Taiping uprising.

When he returned to England in January 1865, the public enthusiastically hailed him as ‘Chinese Gordon'. From 1873 to 1876 he served as Governor of Equatoria in the Sudan and during that time he mapped the upper Nile. Following this he was appointed Governor-General of the entire Sudan, suppressing rebellions and the slave trade. He returned to England in 1880, having succumbed to ill-health which forced him to resign his post.

Gordon of Khartoum, Gordon Pasha

Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

Four years later, in February 1884, Gordon travelled once more to the Sudan, this time to withdraw Egyptian garrisons from Khartoum. The troops were under threat from Sudanese rebels led by the self-proclaimed Mahdi, Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah. In March the town came under siege and ten months later was overrun by the Mahdists who butchered and beheaded Gordon at dawn, against the express orders of the Mahdi. Nonetheless, the Mahdi ordered the head to be displayed prominently in a tree “....where all who passed it could look in disdain, children could throw stones at it and the hawks of the desert could sweep and circle above."

At home, the British republic reacted emotionally, proclaiming him a martyr, calling him ‘Gordon  of Khartoum’ and blaming the British government, and William Gladstone in particular, for the failure to save him. The relief force arrived two days after his death. In fact, it is believed now that Gordon probably defied orders, refusing to evacuate Khartoum even though it would have been possible to do so quite late on in the siege. His remains were never recovered, so there is no final resting place for this evangelical Christian who believed in reincarnation. In 1877 he wrote:

"This life is only one of a series of lives which our incarnated part has lived. I have little doubt of our having pre-existed; and that also in the time of our pre-existence we were actively employed. So, therefore, I believe in our active employment in a future life, and I like the thought.”

He was an eccentric bachelor and lived by his faith and his principles, doing not what he was told but what he believed to be right. 


Our thanks Go to the Gregarious Gentlefolk who form the team led by the Great Denise Nesbitt and who organise this weekly meme. Click here to see more Gs!

ABC Wednesday E is for El Teb

Thanks are due to the Energetic Denise Nesbitt and her Erudite and Efficient Exponents of this Entertaining meme. Click here for more Es.

Image courtesy of Wikimedia Commons 

The Battle of El Teb took place in East Sudan on the Red Sea coast on 29^th February 1884.

Image courtesy of Wikipedia

Muhammad Ahmad bin Abd Allah was a young Muslim who proclaimed himself Mahdi (Islamic messiah) and raised a jihad, leading the Sudanese Jihadist Arabs or Mahdists against the Khedive of Egypt. The Khedive depended on British support to eradicate the Sudanese slave trade and to safeguard the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal was of great importance to the British as the most direct route to India, then part of the British Empire.

During the First Battle of El Teb on February 4^th 1000 Mahdists overwhelmed and slaughtered the majority of an Egyptian force of 3500 led by the British officer, Baker Pasha. Following this the British government diverted British troops returning from India to quell the Sudanese Jihadist Arabs.

The British troops numbered around 4200 and faced a force of unknown numbers of  between 10000 to 15000 Mahdists. The success of the smaller contingent lay in the deployment of a closely packed formation of infantry called the square, a strategy that has been used, in different forms, since Roman times.

Two Victoria Crosses (VC) were awarded for this battle, one to Captain Arthur Wilson, RN who held off a Mahdist attack so that his men could bring their Gardner gun into action. The second was awarded to Sergeant William Marshall, 19^th Hussars, who rescued his wounded commanding officer whose horse had been shot, dragging him back through the enemy troops to his regiment. Several Distinguished Conduct Medals (DCM) were also presented by Queen Victoria at Windsor.